ESTRUCTURA FUNCIONAL DE LA MACROFAUNA BENTÓNICA EN SISTEMAS ESTUARINOS URUGUAYOS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26462/30.2.4Palabras clave:
BTA, grupo funcional, macrobentos submareal, escalas espaciales, UruguayResumen
Se estudió la estructura funcional del macrobentos de dos sistemas estuarinos morfológicamente distintos (lagunas costeras y estuarios de desembocaduras de arroyos) con el objetivo de determinar diferencias entre los rasgos funcionales predominantes de ambos sistemas. Se clasificó el macrobentos en grupos y rasgos funcionales a través del análisis de rasgos biológicos (BTA por su sigla en inglés). Dada la dependencia según
la escala del macrobentos, se muestreó en dos ocasiones (otoño y primavera) en tres escalas espaciales: hábitat (estuarios y lagunas), sectores del hábitat (internos y externos) y sitios réplica (tres en cada sector). Dos hipótesis fueron planteadas (1) la geomorfología del cuerpo de agua determinaría los rasgos funcionales presentes y (2) el estado trófico de un ambiente condicionaría los rasgos funcionales presentes. Ambas se cumplieron para la mayoría de los casos. Como resultado se observó que temperaturas mayores y sedimentos más finos condicionaron la presencia de materia orgánica más degradada y con menor valor nutricional en los muestreos de abril, lagunas y sectores internos. Estas características seleccionaron la presencia de macrobentos depositívoro de superficie, epifaunal y oportunistas de primer y segundo orden, reflejo típico de
sitios perturbados por nutrientes. Por el contrario, los muestreos de octubre, estuarios y sectores externos se caracterizaron por organismos filtradores, infaunales y sensibles al enriquecimiento orgánico, típicos de sitios no perturbados.
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